Modern Coat of Arms Funny Coat of Arms

Katharine is a lifelong student of history and an admitted Anglophile. She has studied in Scotland and England.

Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom

Wikimedia Commons Public Domain

What Is a Coat of Arms?

Strictly speaking, the coat of arms is the design on an individual's shield. Originally, the colors and symbols were meant to distinguish the individual in battle and competitions. Nowadays, what many commonly refer to as the family crest or coat of arms is actually a heraldic achievement, which consists of the coat of arms (shield) along with some or all of the following elements: crown, helm or helmet, mantling, torse, crest, supporters, order, and motto.

How to Make a Family Crest

Traditionally, a family crest can be legally used only if given to you by the appropriate authority (e.g., in the United Kingdom, the King of Arms). You can trace your genealogy to see whether your family has a coat of arms, and there are many services to help you with this. (We will discuss this later in the article.)

However, if you don't have a coat of arms, by all means create one of your own to represent you or your family. Traditional heraldry has many customs and rules to abide by. You can certainly research these and follow them to see what you can create, but you can also let your creativity flow free.

Tips for Choosing Symbols

When deciding what symbols to include in your family crest, here are some ideas to think about:

What is your ancestral background? Tracing your family line back to medieval times (or further) can give you ideas of traditional symbology used by your ancestors or even by your ethnicity.
What values are important to you or your family? Or you may ask: What are your best characteristics? Many values, attributes, or characteristics have associated symbology. For example, justice is commonly associated with a balance or scale.
What are your hobbies or interests? Is it music? Sports? Reading? If, for example, you love to play badminton, a racket and/or shuttlecock can be used to represent that.
What is the main purpose of your business or organization? If you're designing a coat of arms for a company or organization, think about what the main purpose of the organization is. Boil it down to a few key themes to narrow down your choices for symbols.

If you are good with PhotoShop or a program such as paint.net (which is free to download), you can search the links I have provided for free clip art that you can use, perhaps along with images of your own, to construct your crest that way.

Alternatively, you could decide what you want the elements to be and have an online service create the crest for you, the cost of which varies greatly from about $30 to $250.

A third option is to build a family crest with a free program you can find online and print it out from there. Links for all these are found in the links section below.

Sites to Create Your Own Coat of Arms

There are many sites that help you create your own design. Some will let you choose from elements from templates and put them together. Others will generate one based on your choices or a personality test.

All Family Crests: Coat of Arms Generator
Fleur-de-lis Designs: Custom Crests
GraphicSprings: Crest Logo
MyTribe101: Family Crest and Coat of Arms Generator
MyBlazon: Coat of Arms Maker
Roll for Fantasy: Coat of Arms Generator

Tracing Your Genealogy

How to Find Your Coat of Arms

If you are of Western European descent, you may have a coat of arms in your family line. However, that doesn't mean everyone from Western Europe has one; remember that they were traditionally granted only to nobility. And even if you are not from Western European descent, you may still have a version of a coat of arms.

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Parts of a Coat of Arms (Heraldic Achievement)

Above, you will see the example of the Royal Coat of Arms of the UK with the most prevalent components labeled. Below, we will go over the various components, their significance or symbolic meaning, and common design features.

Coat of Arms

As stated previously, colloquially, "coat of arms" can refer to the whole heraldic achievement or the shield. Formally, it is the design etched and painted onto the shield, or escutcheon. The coat of arms has many design elements.

Shield (Escutcheon)

Also known as an escutcheon, the shield represents the actual shield used by knights in combat. There are many escutcheon shapes:

These are just several of the most common shapes, with variations dependent largely on region and time period. Going off of these basic designs, many escutcheons are designed by mixing and matching elements to make ever more complex designs.

Inescutcheons

The main shield may be adorned by one or more smaller shields called inescutcheons to represent familial lines, inheritance, or territorial claims.

Chart of the most common heraldic shield or escutcheon shapes.

Wikimedia Commons

Tincture

Traditionally, there are only a limited number of colors, or tinctures, used in designing a coat of arms. They can be divided into three major groups:

Metals: Silver, gold
Colors: Green, blue, purple, red, black
Stains: Mulberry, blood red, tawny

The tinctures used can carry different meanings:

Silver: Peace
Gold: Generosity
Green: Hope or joy
Blue: Truth or loyalty
Purple: Royalty
Red: Might
Black: Grief

Rule of thumb: When choosing which tinctures to use, remember not to use color on color, or metal on metal. This is a classic heraldic rule. For example, if the background is gold, the ordinary (discussed below) can be anything but silver.

Ordinary

Ordinaries are geometric shapes or bands that divide the shield into segments, and they also carry symbolic meaning. The ordinary that you choose will also depend in part on what other elements you want to appear on the shield. You can choose not to use an ordinary at all and just have your symbols on the shield as your design.


Ordinary	Appearance	Meaning
Chief	Broad band across the top	Authority, leadership, wisdom
Pale	Vertical band down the middle	Military strength
Bend	Sash; broad band diagonally across the shield	High military rank or honor
Fess	Broad horizontal band across the middle of the shield	Readiness to act
Cross	Vertical and horizontal bands crossing each other	Christianity
Saltire	"Cross of St. Andrew"; X-shaped	Endurance of hardship, martyrdom
Chevron	Angled band pointing up (like the roof of a house)	Protection

Charge

Charges are symbols placed on the background and/or the ordinary. Charges can be any object, but are most commonly things such as humans, animals, fish, birds, mythical creatures, elements of nature, tools, or religious symbols. Like all elements of a coat of arms, charges also have symbolic significance. There are so many that we won't go through them here, but you can start learning more about the symbology of charges you choose in the link provided.

Many of the items on this list are representations of other symbols that appear with a coat of arms, such as supporters, which we'll discuss in a moment, and the lines of division on a shield. If you're making your own coat of arms, you'll want to choose a charge or charges that represent you in some way. For example, you might want to use a bell tower, which signifies integrity, or a boar which means bravery. For a personal touch, you might choose a fountain pen if you're a writer, or tragedy and comedy masks if you are a lover of theater.

Helmet

A helm, or helmet, is usually placed on top of the shield. Sometimes, it will rest on top of a crown, as in the case of royalty. The style of helmet that an individual uses depends upon his rank in the aristocracy.

Royalty, for example, are represented by a gold helmet with several bars on the front, and red or blue silk, used to pad the inside of a helmet, will show through the bars.
A nobleman will use a helmet of silver.
A knight will use one of steel with an open visor.
A squire or gentleman will have a helmet with a closed visor.

As you see, the rules are quite extensive and complex. For your purposes, you can choose a helmet to your liking, or choose not to use a helmet on your coat of arms at all. Many coats of arms use crowns or coronets in place of helmets.

Crest

The crest is a decorative piece—usually a sculpture—placed on top of the helmet. Historically, it was worn on top of a knight's helmet—particularly for those participating in tournaments. However, it is more often used as a personal insignia in place of the coat of arms (e.g., as a badge on documents, clothing, personal items, buildings, etc.). This usage lead to the confusion of "crest" for "coat of arms."

Generally a personal device, it can be used to represent the individual or the family—hence the term "family crest"—but it can also represent entities, such as governments, organizations, and businesses. Although you often only see one crest on top of the helm, you may also see two or more in use on some achievements, so don't let that be a limit. Use as many as you see fit.

Like the charges on a coat of arms, the crest can be any object, and each object carries a symbolic meaning. For example, a deer signifies harmony, a dog represents loyalty, and an elephant represents strength. Again, refer to the link to the list of symbology of charges above to get an idea of what objects you may want represented on your achievement.

The crest often holds or leans on an object. These are often weapons, but they can be other things, such as a shepherd's crook, a walking stick, or even a gardening tool. If you're a musician, for example, you could have your crest holding a flute or a guitar.

Torse

Also called a wreath, the torse is a twisted piece of silk or other fabric that encircles the top of the helmet and is meant to tie the crest, helmet, and mantling together. It can also be used to decorate an animal in the crest or on a charge, adorning the animal's head or neck. In some cases, the torse is replaced with a crown or coronet. The torse consists of two colors—one from the medals and one from the colors—and are usually the same as the main colors on the coat of arms.

Mantling

The mantling can be seen as a decorative flair for the helmet and crest It drapes around the helmet and flows down to the sides of the shield. It was worn by knights in battle and is tied to the helmet by the torse to protect the knight from elements. The mantling can be depicted as intact or tattered, the latter to indicate hard fighting in battles. It usually has the same colors as the torse.

Supporters

Supporters are figures or objects on either side of the shield meant to be holding up or framing the shield. As with most heraldic elements, the supporters have symbolic meaning and are generally animals—either real or mythical.

Compartment

The compartment is the landscape—usually either a bed of rocks, a mound of grass, or a wreath—underneath the escutcheon and supporters. Traditionally said to represent an individual's land, nowadays, it can represent anything. For example, sea-faring entities may choose to depict a lake or ocean—especially if the supporters are aquatic animals.

Motto

Usually a phrase printed in Latin on a ribbon or scroll, the motto can be anything from a battle cry to a slogan to declaration. Although the most common language is Latin, you can use any language you like. The motto can appear at the top or bottom the achievement.

Examples of some mottos are as follows:

A te pro te = From thee, for thee

Amo, ut invenio = I love as I find

Celer et audax = Swift and bold

Corage sans peur = Courage without fear

You get the idea. Imagine the fun you could have coming up with your own motto! It can go above the whole coat of arms, or below. Oftentimes, the name of the family is also found either above or below the coat of arms on a scroll or ribbon.

History of Heraldry and Why It Is Fascinating

An Overview of the History of Heraldry

The tradition of having a coat of arms has been commonplace in Europe since the early 12th century. The original coats of arms were simple, using just a handful of different shapes and color combinations. But as more individuals were granted their own coat of arms, the designs became more and more complex. Although originally granted to only individuals by the ruling monarch, not to families, in 13^th century England, these beautiful symbols could be passed down from father to son. In this way, the family "crest" evolved.

By 1400, these were officially codified into English law. It was forbidden, for example, to display a coat of arms that had not been approved by the crown, and the meaning of various symbols and colors used on the crests were indexed and regulated. Even now, new coats of arms may only be granted either by the Queen herself, or by an authority known as the King of Arms.

Today, coats of arms or crests are used to symbolize more than just individuals and families. You may see them used as symbols for nations, governments, businesses, sporting teams, clubs, and other organizations. However, most individuals of European descent, particularly Western European descent, can trace their family genealogy to find what their family coat of arms is.

I hope you now have a good basis for understanding heraldry and family crests. As you can tell, this is a very complex system, which requires further study if you want to become well versed in the meaning of its symbolism. It is a fascinating study, and there is no shortage of excellent resources on the internet and in print about heraldry and coats of arms, many of which you will find in the following links section.

References

College of Arms. FAQs: heraldry. Accessed Apr. 15, 2020.
Encyclopedia Japan. Brief Overview of Japanese family Crest "Kamon". DoyouknowJapan.com. Accessed Aug. 25, 2020.
English Heritage. Our Guide to Heraldry. Accessed Aug. 18, 2020
International Heraldry & Heralds. Accessed Aug. 18, 2020.
Your Family History Magazine. Coats of Arms. Historic UK. Accessed Aug. 18, 2020.

This content is accurate and true to the best of the author's knowledge and is not meant to substitute for formal and individualized advice from a qualified professional.

MaxFreire on August 14, 2020:

Thanks for those clear explanations!

meow on August 06, 2020:

This is very interesting I will make one

Hello on June 30, 2020:

Nice writing very descriptive

Ray Pouliot on June 13, 2020:

Oops, you'd need an email if you would answer my "?"

TheP240s [at] homemail.com

I expect you will replace the " [at] " string with the key character.

One other thought: Do you have a post about the differences in heraldic practices between countries? (It would be a good opportunity to describe the "ownership" perspective on bearings.

Ray Pouliot on June 13, 2020:

The art work you have on heraldry is breath-taking. I just skimmed your text but from what I did notice, you have the basics down very well.

If this doesn't post without signing in etc... I may give up on my main reason...

Do you know if you have any connection to people from Hawkinsville and/or Columbus GA?

Heather Swope on January 17, 2019:

I am going to have students in my high school classroom create their own coat of arms to represent themselves - this website has been so incredibly helpful! THANK YOU!

martinho martins on April 11, 2018:

much apreciation... thanks

Potato on December 20, 2017:

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Lee Cloak on March 01, 2015:

Great article, very interesting, i read it twice and i'll read it again, great stuff, thanks!

Liz Elias from Oakley, CA on September 07, 2014:

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Katharine L Sparrow (author) from Massachusetts, USA on September 05, 2014:

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Kenneth Avery from Hamilton, Alabama on September 04, 2014:

Sparrowlet,

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ziyena from the Somewhere Out There on December 23, 2013:

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Ruth Pieterse on September 04, 2012:

So interesting! Voted up etc.

Tony Wilkerson from Evans, Georgia on June 21, 2012:

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Conway Bown on December 25, 2011:

Excellent precis! Well done! As a devotee of heraldry and iconology, I found it informative and easy to read!

Conway Bown www.ipas.com.au

wanzulfikri from Malaysia on November 06, 2011:

Wow! A splendid lens on heraldry. I once thought that heraldry are for nobles but now, I know that every family can actually have them

Shasta Matova from USA on November 05, 2011:

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I am interested in genealogy, and this is a great hub on how to create a family crest.

lewinwhovestaken.blogspot.com

Source: https://wehavekids.com/family-relationships/find-create-family-crest-coat-of-arms-heraldry